https://mpsciences.com/2021/04/15/gene-synthesis-and-transcription-processes/
It is crucial to have high quality DNA that is free of contaminants like debris, protein and RNA prior to performing the PCR as well as cloning or DNA sequencing. Purifying DNA is also referred to as DNA Isolation, and is an essential step in molecular biology. This article will explain the basics of DNA extraction and how to improve it for better results.
The initial step of the DNA purification process is to make a solution consisting of an amalgamation of alkaline buffer and water. This buffer makes the DNA more soluble so that it can be easily separated from the other components of the sample. After the DNA is placed in an alkaline and water solution it’s cleaned with detergents as well as Chaotropics salts in order to break up cell membranes as well as nuclei. This lets the DNA out. RNase can be added to the sample in order to remove any contaminating DNA.
DNA is then separated from other cellular components such as proteins and lipids with the help of organic solvents like phenol and chloroform. Once the DNA has been removed from the proteins and lipids, it can be precipitated using ethanol or isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol).
The quality of the DNA can then be assessed by spectrophotometry or gel electrophoresis. A good quality DNA sample should have a ratio of absorbance ranging from 260 nm to 280 nm of